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Implementation of a simple Protobuf in C.

master
jmjatlanta 2016-12-08 16:33:27 -05:00
parent c225714d33
commit 9b81ab4c48
15 changed files with 876 additions and 0 deletions
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83
.cproject Normal file
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*
!.gitignore
!Makefile
!**/
*.o
.settings/language.settings.xml
test_protobuf

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<projectDescription>
<name>protobuf-c</name>
<comment></comment>
<projects>
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CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -O0 -g3 -Wall
LFLAGS =
DEPS = protobuf.h
OBJS = testit.o protobuf.o varint.o Test1_protobuf.o Test2_protobuf.o
%.o: %.c $(DEPS)
$(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)
test_protobuf: $(OBJS)
$(CC) -o $@ $^ $(LFLAGS)
all: test_protobuf
clean:
rm -f *.o
rm -f test_protobuf
rebuild: clean all

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "protobuf.h"
#include "varint.h"
#include "Test1_protobuf.h"
enum WireType Test1_message_fields[] = { WIRETYPE_VARINT };
int Test1_new(struct Test1** test1) {
*test1 = (struct Test1*)malloc(sizeof(struct Test1));
if (*test1 == NULL)
return 0;
(*test1)->a = 0;
return 1;
}
int Test1_free(struct Test1* test1) {
free(test1);
return 1;
}
int Test1_protobuf_encode(struct Test1* incoming, unsigned char* buffer, size_t max_buffer_length, size_t* bytes_written) {
protobuf_encode_varint(1, Test1_message_fields[0], incoming->a, buffer, max_buffer_length, bytes_written);
return 1;
}
int Test1_protobuf_decode(unsigned char* buffer, size_t buffer_length, struct Test1** output) {
int pos = 0;
if (Test1_new(output) == 0)
return 0;
while (pos < buffer_length) { // loop through buffer
size_t bytes_read = 0;
int field_no;
enum WireType field_type;
if (protobuf_decode_field_and_type(buffer, buffer_length, &field_no, &field_type, &bytes_read) == 0) {
Test1_free(*output);
return 0;
}
switch (field_no) {
case (1):
(*output)->a = varint_decode(&buffer[pos], buffer_length - pos, &bytes_read);
pos += (unsigned int)bytes_read;
break;
}
}
return 1;
}

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#pragma once
#include "protobuf.h"
struct Test1 {
int a;
};
int Test1_new(struct Test1** test1);
int Test1_free(struct Test1* test1);
int Test1_protobuf_encode(struct Test1* incoming, unsigned char* buffer, size_t max_buffer_length, size_t* bytes_written);
int Test1_protobuf_decode(unsigned char* buffer, size_t buffer_length, struct Test1** output);

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "protobuf.h"
#include "varint.h"
#include "Test2_protobuf.h"
enum WireType Test2_message_fields[] = { WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED };
/**
* Allocate resources for this structure
* @param test2 the structure
* @returns true(1) on success
*/
int Test2_new(struct Test2** test2) {
*test2 = (struct Test2*)malloc(sizeof(struct Test2));
if (*test2 == NULL)
return 0;
(*test2)->a = NULL;
return 1;
}
/**
* Free resources
* @param test2 the struct
* @returns true(1) on success
*/
int Test2_free(struct Test2* test2) {
if (test2->a != NULL)
free(test2->a);
free(test2);
return 1;
}
/***
* Encode struct into protobuf stream
* @param incoming the struct
* @param buffer the place to put the stream
* @param max_buffer_length the length of the buffer
* @param bytes_written the number of bytes used in encoding the stream
* @returns true(1) on success
*/
int Test2_protobuf_encode(struct Test2* incoming, unsigned char* buffer, size_t max_buffer_length, size_t* bytes_written) {
if (protobuf_encode_string(1, Test2_message_fields[0], incoming->a, buffer, max_buffer_length, bytes_written) == 0)
return 0;
return 1;
}
/***
* Decode a buffer into a struct
* @param buffer the incoming buffer
* @param buffer_length the length of the buffer
* @param output the resultant struct
* @returns true(1) on success
*/
int Test2_protobuf_decode(unsigned char* buffer, size_t buffer_length, struct Test2** output) {
int pos = 0;
if (Test2_new(output) == 0)
return 0;
while (pos < buffer_length) { // loop through buffer
size_t bytes_read;
int field_no;
enum WireType field_type;
protobuf_decode_field_and_type(&buffer[pos], buffer_length - pos, &field_no, &field_type, &bytes_read);
pos += bytes_read;
bytes_read = 0;
switch(field_no) {
case 1:
protobuf_decode_string(&buffer[pos], buffer_length - pos, &((*output)->a), &bytes_read);
break;
}
pos += bytes_read;
}
return 1;
}

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Test2_protobuf.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include "protobuf.h"
struct Test2 {
char* a;
};
int Test2_protobuf_encode(struct Test2* incoming, unsigned char* buffer, size_t max_buffer_length, size_t* bytes_written);
int Test2_protobuf_decode(unsigned char* buffer, size_t buffer_length, struct Test2** output);
int Test2_free(struct Test2* test2);
int Test2_new(struct Test2** test2);

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/***
* Helper to derived protobuf objects
*/
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "varint.h"
#include "protobuf.h"
/***
* encode a string into the buffer
* @param field_number the field number
* @param field_type the field type
* @param incoming the string value
* @param buffer the pointer to where to place the encoded value
* @param max_buffer_length the buffer length remaining
* @param bytes_written the number of bytes written
* @returns true(1) on success
*/
int protobuf_encode_string(int field_number, enum WireType field_type, const char* incoming, unsigned char* buffer,
size_t max_buffer_length, size_t* bytes_written) {
// push the field number and wire type together
unsigned int field_no = field_number << 3;
unsigned long long field = field_no | field_type;
size_t bytes_processed;
// field type & number
varint_encode(field, buffer, max_buffer_length, &bytes_processed);
*bytes_written += bytes_processed;
// field size
varint_encode(strlen(incoming), &buffer[*bytes_written], max_buffer_length - *bytes_written, &bytes_processed);
*bytes_written += bytes_processed;
// field value
memcpy(&buffer[*bytes_written], incoming, strlen(incoming));
*bytes_written += strlen(incoming);
return 1;
}
/***
* encode a varint into the buffer
* @param field_number the field number
* @param field_type the field type
* @param incoming the value
* @param buffer the pointer to where to place the encoded value
* @param max_buffer_length the buffer length remaining
* @param bytes_written the number of bytes written
* @returns true(1) on success
*/
int protobuf_encode_varint(int field_number, enum WireType field_type, unsigned long long incoming, unsigned char* buffer,
size_t max_buffer_length, size_t* bytes_written) {
// push the field number and wire type together
unsigned int field_no = field_number << 3;
unsigned long long field = field_no | field_type;
size_t bytes_processed;
// field type & number
varint_encode(field, buffer, max_buffer_length, &bytes_processed);
*bytes_written += bytes_processed;
// field value
varint_encode(incoming, &buffer[*bytes_written], max_buffer_length - *bytes_written, &bytes_processed);
*bytes_written += bytes_processed;
return 1;
}
/**
* Pull a string from the protobuf buffer
* @param the buffer, positioned at the field size
* @param buffer_length the buffer length
* @param results the results (NOTE: will allocate memory)
* @param bytes_read the number of bytes read
* @returns true(1) on success
*/
int protobuf_decode_string(const unsigned char* buffer, size_t buffer_length, char** results, size_t* bytes_read) {
size_t pos = 0;
// grab the field size
int length = varint_decode(&buffer[pos], buffer_length - pos, bytes_read);
pos += *bytes_read;
// allocate memory
*results = malloc(sizeof(char) * length);
if ((*results) == NULL)
return 0;
// copy the string
memcpy((*results), &buffer[pos], length);
pos += length;
*bytes_read = pos;
return 1;
}
/***
* retrieve field number and field type from current buffer at position 0
* @param buffer the incoming buffer
* @param buffer_length the length of the buffer
* @param field_no the resultant field number
* @param field_type the field type
* @param bytes_read the number of bytes read from the buffer
*/
int protobuf_decode_field_and_type(const unsigned char* buffer, int buffer_length, int *field_no, enum WireType *field_type, size_t* bytes_read) {
unsigned long long field = varint_decode(buffer, buffer_length, bytes_read);
*field_no = field >> 3;
*field_type = field | *field_no;
return 1;
}

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/*
* protobuf.h
*
* Created on: Dec 7, 2016
* Author: JohnJones
*/
#ifndef __PROTOBUF_H__
#define __PROTOBUF_H__
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
enum WireType {
WIRETYPE_VARINT,
WIRETYPE_64BIT,
WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
WIRETYPE_START_GROUP,
WIRETYPE_END_GROUP,
WIRETYPE_32BIT
};
/***
* encode a string into the buffer
* @param field_number the field number
* @param incoming the string value
* @param buffer the pointer to where to place the encoded value
* @param max_buffer_length the buffer length remaining
* @param bytes_written the number of bytes written
* @returns true(1) on success
*/
int protobuf_encode_string(int field_number, enum WireType wire_type, const char* incoming, unsigned char* buffer,
size_t max_buffer_length, size_t* bytes_written);
/**
* Pull a string from the protobuf buffer
* @param the buffer, positioned at the field size
* @param buffer_length the buffer length
* @param results the results (NOTE: will allocate memory)
* @param bytes_read the number of bytes read
* @returns true(1) on success
*/
int protobuf_decode_string(const unsigned char* buffer, size_t buffer_length, char** results, size_t* bytes_read);
/***
* encode a varint into the buffer
* @param field_number the field number
* @param field_type the field type
* @param incoming the value
* @param buffer the pointer to where to place the encoded value
* @param max_buffer_length the buffer length remaining
* @param bytes_written the number of bytes written
* @returns true(1) on success
*/
int protobuf_encode_varint(int field_number, enum WireType field_type, unsigned long long incoming, unsigned char* buffer,
size_t max_buffer_length, size_t* bytes_written);
/***
* retrieve field number and field type from current buffer at position 0
* @param buffer the incoming buffer
* @param buffer_length the length of the buffer
* @param field_no the resultant field number
* @param field_type the field type
* @param bytes_read the number of bytes read from the buffer
*/
int protobuf_decode_field_and_type(const unsigned char* buffer, int buffer_length, int *field_no, enum WireType *field_type, size_t* bytes_read);
#endif /* PROTOBUF_H_ */

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/***
* This...
*
* message Test1 {
* required int32 a = 1;
* }
*
* should generate Test1_protobuf.h and c that contains this...
*
* enum WireType Test1_message_fields[] = { WIRETYPE_VARINT }
*
* struct Test1 {
* int a;
* }
*
* int Test1_protobuf_encode(struct Test1* incoming, unsigned char* buffer, size_t max_buffer_length, size_t* bytes_written);
* int Test1_protobuf_decode(unsigned char* buffer, size_t buffer_length, struct Test1** output);
*/
#include "Test1_protobuf.h"
#include "Test2_protobuf.h"
int test_rightshift() {
struct Test1 test1;
test1.a = 0;
size_t buffer_size = 256;
unsigned char buffer[buffer_size];
memset(buffer, 0, 256);
int retVal = 0;
size_t bytes_written = 0;
retVal = Test1_protobuf_encode(&test1, buffer, buffer_size, &bytes_written);
if (retVal == 0) {
printf("Error encoding\n");
return 0;
}
if (bytes_written != 2) {
printf("Incorrect number of bytes written. Expected 2, but got %d\n", retVal);
return 0;
}
unsigned int pos0 = buffer[0];
unsigned int pos1 = buffer[1];
if (pos0 != 8) {
printf("Results at pos 0 not as expected\n");
return 0;
}
if (pos1 != 0) {
printf("Results at pos 1 not as expected\n");
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
int test_write_simple() {
struct Test1 test1;
test1.a = 150;
size_t buffer_size = 256;
unsigned char buffer[buffer_size];
memset(buffer, 0, 256);
int retVal = 0;
size_t bytes_written = 0;
retVal = Test1_protobuf_encode(&test1, buffer, buffer_size, &bytes_written);
if (retVal == 0) {
printf("Error encoding\n");
return 0;
}
if (bytes_written != 3) {
printf("Incorrect number of bytes written. Expected 3, but got %d\n", retVal);
return 0;
}
unsigned int pos0 = buffer[0];
unsigned int pos1 = buffer[1];
unsigned int pos2 = buffer[2];
if (pos0 != 8 || pos1 != 150 || pos2 != 1) {
printf("Results not as expected\n");
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
int test_write_negative() {
struct Test1 test1;
test1.a = -150;
size_t buffer_size = 256;
unsigned char buffer[buffer_size];
memset(buffer, 0, 256);
int retVal = 0;
size_t bytes_written = 0;
retVal = Test1_protobuf_encode(&test1, buffer, buffer_size, &bytes_written);
if (retVal == 0) {
printf("Error encoding\n");
return 0;
}
if (bytes_written != 11) {
printf("Incorrect number of bytes written. Expected 11, but got %d\n", retVal);
return 0;
}
unsigned int pos0 = buffer[0];
unsigned int pos1 = buffer[1];
unsigned int pos2 = buffer[2];
unsigned int pos3 = buffer[3];
unsigned int pos4 = buffer[4];
unsigned int pos5 = buffer[5];
unsigned int pos6 = buffer[6];
unsigned int pos7 = buffer[7];
unsigned int pos8 = buffer[8];
unsigned int pos9 = buffer[9];
unsigned int pos10 = buffer[10];
if (pos0 != 8 || pos1 != 234 || pos2 != 254
|| pos3 != 255 || pos4 != 255 || pos5 != 255 || pos6 != 255
|| pos7 != 255 || pos8 != 255 || pos9 != 255 || pos10 != 1
) {
printf("Results not as expected\n");
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
int test_write_string() {
struct Test2 test2;
test2.a = "testing";
size_t buffer_size = 256;
unsigned char buffer[buffer_size];
memset(buffer, 0, 256);
int retVal = 0;
size_t bytes_written = 0;
retVal = Test2_protobuf_encode(&test2, buffer, buffer_size, &bytes_written);
if (retVal == 0) {
printf("Error encoding\n");
return 0;
}
if (bytes_written != 9) {
printf("Incorrect number of bytes written. Expected 9, but got %d\n", retVal);
return 0;
}
unsigned char expected[] = { 10, 7, 't', 'e', 's', 't', 'i', 'n', 'g' };
int correct = 1;
for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
if (expected[i] != buffer[i]) {
correct = 0;
printf("Incorrect value at position %d... Expected %02x but received %02x.\n", i, expected[i], buffer[i]);
}
}
if (!correct)
return 0;
struct Test2* test_results;
Test2_protobuf_decode(buffer, bytes_written, &test_results);
if (strcmp(test2.a, test_results->a) != 0) {
printf("Strings do not match. %s vs %s", test2.a, test_results->a);
Test2_free(test_results);
return 0;
}
Test2_free(test_results);
return 1;
}

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#include "varint.h"
int test_varint() {
unsigned long long ull = 150;
size_t buffer_size = 256;
unsigned char buffer[buffer_size];
memset(buffer, 0, 256);
size_t results;
varint_encode(ull, buffer, buffer_size, &results);
unsigned int pos0 = (unsigned int)buffer[0];
unsigned int pos1 = (unsigned int)buffer[1];
if ( pos0 != 150) {
printf("Expected %d but got %d at position 0\n", 150, pos0);
return 0;
}
if (pos1 != 1) {
printf("Expected %d but got %d at position 1\n", 2, pos1);
return 0;
}
// now do the reverse
unsigned long long newVal = varint_decode(buffer, (int)results, &results);
if (newVal != ull) {
printf("Expected %llu but received %llu\n", ull, newVal);
return 0;
}
return 1;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "test_protobuf.h"
#include "test_varint.h"
int testit(const char* name, int (*func)(void)) {
printf("Testing %s...\n", name);
int retVal = func();
if (retVal)
printf("%s success!\n", name);
else
printf("** Uh oh! %s failed.**\n", name);
return retVal == 0;
}
const char* names[] = {
"test_write_simple",
"test_write_negative",
"test_write_string",
"test_rightshift",
"test_varint"
};
int (*funcs[])(void) = {
test_write_simple,
test_write_negative,
test_write_string,
test_rightshift,
test_varint
};
/**
* run 1 test or run all
*/
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
int counter = 0;
int tests_ran = 0;
char* test_wanted;
int only_one = 0;
if(argc > 1) {
only_one = 1;
if (argv[1][0] == '\'') { // some shells put quotes around arguments
argv[1][strlen(argv[1])-1] = 0;
test_wanted = &(argv[1][1]);
}
else
test_wanted = argv[1];
}
int array_length = sizeof(funcs) / sizeof(funcs[0]);
for (int i = 0; i < array_length; i++) {
if (only_one && strcmp(names[i], test_wanted) == 0) {
tests_ran++;
counter += testit(names[i], funcs[i]);
}
else
if (!only_one) {
tests_ran++;
counter += testit(names[i], funcs[i]);
}
}
if (tests_ran == 0)
printf("***** No tests found *****\n");
else {
if (counter > 0) {
printf("***** There were %d failed test(s) *****\n", counter);
} else {
printf("All %d tests passed\n", tests_ran);
}
}
return 1;
}

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#include <assert.h>
#include "varint.h"
static const char MSB = 0x80;
static const char MSBALL = ~0x7F;
static const unsigned long long N1 = 128; // 2 ^ 7
static const unsigned long long N2 = 16384;
static const unsigned long long N3 = 2097152;
static const unsigned long long N4 = 268435456;
static const unsigned long long N5 = 34359738368;
static const unsigned long long N6 = 4398046511104;
static const unsigned long long N7 = 562949953421312;
static const unsigned long long N8 = 72057594037927936;
static const unsigned long long N9 = 9223372036854775808U;
int varint_encoding_length(unsigned long long n) {
return (
n < N1 ? 1
: n < N2 ? 2
: n < N3 ? 3
: n < N4 ? 4
: n < N5 ? 5
: n < N6 ? 6
: n < N7 ? 7
: n < N8 ? 8
: n < N9 ? 9
: 10
);
}
/**
* Encode an unsigned long long into a varint
* @param n the number to encode
* @param buf where to put the results
* @param len the length of buf
* @param bytes the length written
* @returns a pointer to the buf
*/
unsigned char* varint_encode(const unsigned long long n, unsigned char* buf, int len, size_t* bytes) {
unsigned char* ptr = buf;
unsigned long long copy = n;
while (copy & MSBALL) {
*(ptr++) = (copy & 0xFF) | MSB;
copy = copy >> 7;
assert((ptr - buf) < len);
}
*ptr = copy;
if (bytes != NULL) *bytes = ptr - buf + 1;
return buf;
}
/***
* decode a varint
* @param buf the buffer that contains the varint
* @param len the length of the buffer
* @param bytes number of bytes processed
* @returns the value decoded
*/
unsigned long long varint_decode(const unsigned char* buf, int len, size_t* bytes) {
unsigned long long result = 0;
int bits = 0;
const unsigned char* ptr = buf;
unsigned long long ll;
while (*ptr & MSB) {
ll = *ptr;
result += ((ll & 0x7F) << bits);
ptr++;
bits += 7;
assert((ptr - buf) < len);
}
ll = *ptr;
result += ((ll & 0x7F) << bits);
if (bytes != NULL) *bytes = ptr - buf + 1;
return result;
}

32
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/***
* handles varint
*/
#ifndef _VARINT_H_
#define _VARINT_H_
#include <stdlib.h>
/**
* Encode an unsigned long long into a varint
* @param n the number to encode
* @param buf where to put the results
* @param len the length of buf
* @param bytes the length written
* @returns a pointer to the buf
*/
unsigned char* varint_encode(const unsigned long long n, unsigned char* buf, int len, size_t* bytes);
/***
* decode a varint
* @param buf the buffer that contains the varint
* @param len the length of the buffer
* @param bytes number of bytes processed
* @returns the value decoded
*/
unsigned long long varint_decode(const unsigned char* buf, int len, size_t* bytes);
/**
*
*/
int varint_encoding_length(unsigned long long n);
#endif